| Geneva Study Bible And they called Barnabas, Jupiter; and Paul, Mercurius, because he was the chief speaker. People's New Testament 14:12 Called Barnabas, Jupiter. The chief of the gods in the Greek and Roman Pantheon. Barnabas was no doubt a more stately man than Paul, who says that his own bodily presence was weak and speech contemptible (2Co 10:10), and there was also a reason why they thought Paul, Mercurius. Mercury was the interpreter of the gods. His Greek name, Hermes, is the origin of our word Hermeneutics. Paul, eloquent, persuasive, active, was thought to represent the part of Mercury. Scofield Reference Notes Margin Jupiter Latin for Gr. Zeus, the national god of the Greeks. Margin Mercurius Gr. Hermes. Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary 12. they called Barnabas, Jupiter-the father of the gods, from his commanding mien (Chrysostom thinks). and Paul, Mercurius-the god of eloquence and the messenger and attendant of Jupiter, in the heathen mythology. Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary 14:8-18 All things are possible to those that believe. When we have faith, that most precious gift of God, we shall be delivered from the spiritual helplessness in which we were born, and from the dominion of sinful habits since formed; we shall be made able to stand upright and walk cheerfully in the ways of the Lord. When Christ, the Son of God, appeared in the likeness of men, and did many miracles, men were so far from doing sacrifice to him, that they made him a sacrifice to their pride and malice; but Paul and Barnabas, upon their working one miracle, were treated as gods. The same power of the god of this world, which closes the carnal mind against truth, makes errors and mistakes find easy admission. We do not learn that they rent their clothes when the people spake of stoning them; but when they spake of worshipping them; they could not bear it, being more concerned for God's honour than their own. God's truth needs not the services of man's falsehood. The servants of God might easily obtain undue honours if they would wink at men's errors and vices; but they must dread and detest such respect more than any reproach. When the apostles preached to the Jews, who hated idolatry, they had only to preach the grace of God in Christ; but when they had to do with the Gentiles, they must set right their mistakes in natural religion. Compare their conduct and declaration with the false opinions of those who think the worship of a God, under any name, or in any manner, is equally acceptable to the Lord Almighty. The most powerful arguments, the most earnest and affectionate addresses, even with miracles, are scarcely enough to keep men from absurdities and abominations; much less can they, without special grace, turn the hearts of sinners to God and to holiness. | 
