| Geneva Study Bible Now it came to pass in the days of {a} Ahasuerus, (this is Ahasuerus which reigned, from India even unto Ethiopia, over an {b} hundred and seven and twenty provinces:) The Argument - Because of the variety of names, by which they used to call their kings, and the number of years in which the Hebrews and the Greeks vary, various authors write concerning that Ahasuerus but is seems in Da 6:1,9:1 that he was Darius king of the Medes and son of Astyages also called Ahasuerus which was a name of honour and signified great and chief as chief head. In this is declared the great mercies of God toward his church: who never fails them in their greatest dangers, but when all hope of worldly help fades, he stirs up some, by whom he sends comfort and deliverance. In this also is described the ambition, pride and cruelty of the wicked when they come to honour and their sudden fall when they are at their highest and how God preserves and prefers them who are zealous of his glory and have a care and love for their brethren. (a) Also called Darius, who was now the favourite monarch and had the government of the Medes, Persians and Chaldeans. Some think he was Darius Hystaspis also called Artaxerxes. (b) Da 6:1 makes mention of only 120 leaving out the number that are imperfect as the scripture uses in various places. Wesley's Notes 1:1 Ahasuerus - Many suppose this to be Darius Hystapas, for his kingdom was thus vast, and he subdued India, as Herodotus reports: and one of his wives was called Atossa, differing little from Hadassah, which is Esther's other name, Esth 2:7. Provinces - So seven new provinces were added to those hundred and twenty mentioned, Dan 6:1. Scofield Reference Notes SCOFIELD REFERENCE NOTES (Old Scofield 1917 Edition) Book Introduction The Book of Esther The significance of the Book of Esther is that it testifies to the secret watch care of Jehovah over dispersed Israel. The name of God does not once occur, but in no other book of the Bible is His providence more conspicuous. A mere remnant returned to Jerusalem. The mass of the nation preferred the easy and lucrative life under the Persian rule. But God did not forsake them. What He here does for Judah, He is surely doing for all the covenant people. The book is in seven parts: I. The Story of Vashti, 1.1-22. II. Esther made queen, 2.1-23. III. The conspiracy of Haman, 3.1-15. IV. The courage of Esther brings deliverance, 4.1-7.10. V. The vengeance, 8.1-9.19. VI. The feast of Purim, 9.20-32. VII. Epilogue, 10.1-3. The events recorded in Esther cover a period of 12 years (Ussher). Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary THE BOOK OF ESTHER Commentary by Robert Jamieson CHAPTER 1 Es 1:1-22. Ahasuerus Makes Royal Feasts. 1. Ahasuerus-It is now generally agreed among learned men that the Ahasuerus mentioned in this episode is the Xerxes who figures in Grecian history. Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary 1:1-9 The pride of Ahasuerus's heart rising with the grandeur of his kingdom, he made an extravagant feast. This was vain glory. Better is a dinner of herbs with quietness, than this banquet of wine, with all the noise and tumult that must have attended it. But except grace prevails in the heart, self-exaltation and self-indulgence, in one form or another, will be the ruling principle. Yet none did compel; so that if any drank to excess, it was their own fault. This caution of a heathen prince, even when he would show his generosity, may shame many called Christians, who, under pretence of sending the health round, send sin round, and death with it. There is a woe to them that do so; let them read it, and tremble, Hab 2:15,16. | 
