Genesis 2:14
New International Version
The name of the third river is the Tigris; it runs along the east side of Ashur. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.

New Living Translation
The third branch, called the Tigris, flowed east of the land of Asshur. The fourth branch is called the Euphrates.

English Standard Version
And the name of the third river is the Tigris, which flows east of Assyria. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.

Berean Standard Bible
The name of the third river is Hiddekel; it runs along the east side of Assyria. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.

King James Bible
And the name of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which goeth toward the east of Assyria. And the fourth river is Euphrates.

New King James Version
The name of the third river is Hiddekel; it is the one which goes toward the east of Assyria. The fourth river is the Euphrates.

New American Standard Bible
The name of the third river is Tigris; it flows east of Assyria. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.

NASB 1995
The name of the third river is Tigris; it flows east of Assyria. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.

NASB 1977
And the name of the third river is Tigris; it flows east of Assyria. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.

Legacy Standard Bible
And the name of the third river is Tigris; it is the one that went east of Asshur. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.

Amplified Bible
The third river is named Hiddekel (Tigris); it flows east of Assyria. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.

Christian Standard Bible
The name of the third river is Tigris, which runs east of Assyria. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
The name of the third river is the Tigris, which runs east of Assyria. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.

American Standard Version
And the name of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which goeth in front of Assyria. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.

Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And the name of the third river is Deqlath—Tigris, that goes opposite Assyria, and the fourth river is Euphraates.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And the third river is Tigris, this is that which flows forth over against the Assyrians. And the fourth river is Euphrates.

Contemporary English Version
The Tigris River that flows east of Assyria is the third, and the fourth is the Euphrates River.

Douay-Rheims Bible
And the name of the third river is Tigris: the same passeth along by the Assyrians. And the fourth river is Euphrates.

English Revised Version
And the name of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which goeth in front of Assyria. And the fourth river is Euphrates.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
The name of the third river is Tigris. This is the one that flows east of Assyria. The fourth river is the Euphrates.

Good News Translation
The third river is the Tigris, which flows east of Assyria, and the fourth river is the Euphrates.

International Standard Version
The third river is named the Tigris— it flows to the east of Assyria. The fourth river is the Euphrates.

JPS Tanakh 1917
And the name of the third river is Tigris; that is it which goeth toward the east of Asshur. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.

Literal Standard Version
and the name of the third river [is] Hiddekel, it [is] that which is going east of Asshur; and the fourth river is the Euphrates.

Majority Standard Bible
The name of the third river is Hiddekel; it runs along the east side of Assyria. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.

New American Bible
The name of the third river is the Tigris; it is the one that flows east of Asshur. The fourth river is the Euphrates.

NET Bible
The name of the third river is Tigris; it runs along the east side of Assyria. The fourth river is the Euphrates.

New Revised Standard Version
The name of the third river is Tigris, which flows east of Assyria. And the fourth river is the Euphrates.

New Heart English Bible
And the name of the third river is Hiddekel; this is the one which flows east of Ashur. And the fourth river is the Perath.

Webster's Bible Translation
And the name of the third river is Hiddekel: which floweth toward the east of Assyria. And the fourth river is Euphrates.

World English Bible
The name of the third river is Hiddekel. This is the one which flows in front of Assyria. The fourth river is the Euphrates.

Young's Literal Translation
and the name of the third river is Hiddekel, it is that which is going east of Asshur; and the fourth river is Phrat.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Man and Woman in the Garden
13The name of the second river is Gihon; it winds through the whole land of Cush. 14The name of the third river is Hiddekel; it runs along the east side of Assyria. And the fourth river is the Euphrates. 15Then the LORD God took the man and placed him in the Garden of Eden to cultivate and keep it.…

Cross References
Genesis 2:13
The name of the second river is Gihon; it winds through the whole land of Cush.

Genesis 2:15
Then the LORD God took the man and placed him in the Garden of Eden to cultivate and keep it.

Genesis 15:18
On that day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, "To your descendants I have given this land--from the river of Egypt to the great River Euphrates--

Ezekiel 23:23
the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, the men of Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them--all desirable young men, governors and commanders, officers and men of renown, mounted on horses.

Daniel 10:4
On the twenty-fourth day of the first month, as I was standing on the bank of the great river, the Tigris,


Treasury of Scripture

And the name of the third river is Hiddekel: that is it which goes toward the east of Assyria. And the fourth river is Euphrates.

Hiddekel.

Daniel 10:4
And in the four and twentieth day of the first month, as I was by the side of the great river, which is Hiddekel;

The Tigris.

Genesis 10:11,22
Out of that land went forth Asshur, and builded Nineveh, and the city Rehoboth, and Calah, …

Genesis 25:18
And they dwelt from Havilah unto Shur, that is before Egypt, as thou goest toward Assyria: and he died in the presence of all his brethren.

Euphrates.

Genesis 15:18
In the same day the LORD made a covenant with Abram, saying, Unto thy seed have I given this land, from the river of Egypt unto the great river, the river Euphrates:

Deuteronomy 1:7
Turn you, and take your journey, and go to the mount of the Amorites, and unto all the places nigh thereunto, in the plain, in the hills, and in the vale, and in the south, and by the sea side, to the land of the Canaanites, and unto Lebanon, unto the great river, the river Euphrates.

Deuteronomy 11:24
Every place whereon the soles of your feet shall tread shall be yours: from the wilderness and Lebanon, from the river, the river Euphrates, even unto the uttermost sea shall your coast be.

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Asshur Assyria East Euphrates Floweth Flows Forward Fourth Front Goes Hiddekel Phrat River Runs Side Third Tigris
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Asshur Assyria East Euphrates Floweth Flows Forward Fourth Front Goes Hiddekel Phrat River Runs Side Third Tigris
Genesis 2
1. The first Sabbath.
4. Further details concerning the manner of creation.
8. The planting of the garden of Eden, and its situation;
15. man is placed in it; and the tree of knowledge forbidden.
18. The animals are named by Adam.
21. The making of woman, and the institution of marriage.














(14) Of the "Hiddekel" and "Euphrates" there is no doubt: the former is the Tigris, or Tigres, which is a mere Graecising of its Oriental name, Daglath in Arabic, and Deklath in Syriac, and in the Targum of Onkelos. The word Hiddekel is startling as being a quadriliteral, but the Samaritan Codex reads the Dehel, that is, it has the article instead of the Hebrew Kheth. Mr. Sayce accepts the uncertain reading Hiddekel, and says (Chald. Gen., p. 84) that Hid is the Accadian name for river. Dekel, Tigris, is said to mean an arrow. The Samaritan reading is probably right.

Euphrates.--No description is given of this as being the largest and best known of Asiatic rivers. Hence, probably, the Pison and Gihon were but small streams. Euphrates is the Greek manner of pronouncing the Hebrew Phrath, the first syllable being simply a help in sounding the double consonant. In Accadian it is called Purrat, and means "the curving water," being so named from its shape.

Verse 14. - And the name of the third river is the, Hiddekel, or "the darting," from חַד and דֶּקֶל, a sharp and swift arrow, referring to its rapidity. It is unanimously agreed that this must be identified with the Tigris; in the present language of the Persians designated tir, which signifies an arrow. It is styled in Aramaic diglath or diglah. That is it which goeth towards the east of Assyria. Its identity is thus placed beyond a question. And the fourth river is Euphrates, or "the sweet,' from an unused root, parath, signifying to be sweet, referring to the sweet and pleasant taste of its waters (Jeremiah 2:18). Further description of this great water was unnecessary, being universally known to the Hebrews as "the great river" (Deuteronomy 1:7; Daniel 10:4), and "the river" par excellence (Exodus 23:31; Isaiah 7:20). The river still bears its early name. In the cuneiform inscriptions deciphered by Rawlinson it is called "Ufrata." Recurring now to the site of Eden, it must be admitted that, notwithstanding this description, the whole question is involved in uncertainty. The two solutions of the problem that have the greatest claim on our attention are,

(1) that which places Eden near the head of the Persian Gulf, and

(2) that which looks for it in Armenia. The latter is favored by the close proximity to that region of the sources of both the Euphrates and the Tigris; but, on the other hand, it is hampered by the difficulty of discovering other two rivers that will correspond with the Gihon and the Pison, and the almost certainty that Cush and Havilah are to be sought for in the vicinity of the Persian Gulf. The former (Calvin, Kalisch, T. Lewis) is supported by this last consideration, that Cush and Havilah are not remote from the locality, though it too has its encumbrances. It seems to reverse the idea of לֺיּעֵא, which according to Le Clerc indicates the direction of the stream. Then its advocates, no more than the supporters of the alternate theory, are agreed upon the Gihon and the Pison: Calvin finding them in the two principal mouths of the Euphrates and the Tigris, which Sir Charles Lyell declares to be of comparatively recent formation; Kalisch identifying them with the Indus and the Nile; and Taylor Lewis regarding them as the two sides of the Persian Gulf. Sir H. Rawlinson, from a study of the Assyrian texts, has pointed out the coincidence of the Babylonian region of Karduniyas or Garduniyas with the Eden of the Bible; and the late George Smith finds in its four rivers, Euphrates, Tigris, Surappi, and Ukui, its known fertility, and its name, Gandunu, so similar to Ganeden (the garden of Eden), "considerations all tending towards the view that it is the paradise of Genesis" ('Chald. Genesis,' pp. 3-305).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
The name
וְשֵׁ֨ם (wə·šêm)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 8034: A name

of the third
הַשְּׁלִישִׁי֙ (haš·šə·lî·šî)
Article | Number - ordinal masculine singular
Strong's 7992: Third, feminine a, third, a third, a third-story cell)

river
הַנָּהָ֤ר (han·nā·hār)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5104: A stream, prosperity

[is] Hiddekel;
חִדֶּ֔קֶל (ḥid·de·qel)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 2313: Hiddekel -- ancient name of a Mesopotamian river

it
ה֥וּא (hū)
Pronoun - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1931: He, self, the same, this, that, as, are

runs along
הַֽהֹלֵ֖ךְ (ha·hō·lêḵ)
Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular
Strong's 1980: To go, come, walk

the east side
קִדְמַ֣ת (qiḏ·maṯ)
Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 6926: The forward part, East

of Assyria.
אַשּׁ֑וּר (’aš·šūr)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 804: Ashshur

And the fourth
הָֽרְבִיעִ֖י (hā·rə·ḇî·‘î)
Article | Number - ordinal masculine singular
Strong's 7243: Fourth, a fourth

river
וְהַנָּהָ֥ר (wə·han·nā·hār)
Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5104: A stream, prosperity

[is the]
ה֥וּא (hū)
Pronoun - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1931: He, self, the same, this, that, as, are

Euphrates.
פְרָֽת׃ (p̄ə·rāṯ)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 6578: Euphrates -- a river of west Asia


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