| Geneva Study Bible {4} For as many as have sinned without law shall also perish without law: and as many as have sinned in the law shall be judged by the law; (4) He applies that general accusation against mankind particularly both to the Gentiles and to the Jews. People's New Testament 2:12 For as many as have sinned without law. As many as shall be found in sin, at the judgment, without a special revelation of the law of God. While the Mosaic law is in the mind of the apostle, the statement is general. The principle is one of universal application. Those have sinned who have not lived up to their light. Shall also perish without law. They shall be judged and condemned without reference to the standards of revealed law. Law, in this verse, has no article in the Greek. When so used it means law in general. When, as occurs so often in Romans, it has the Greek definite article before it, the Mosaic law is meant. Observe that the Revised Version omits the article the in this verse. As many as have sinned in the law. Under a revelation of God's will. These shall be judged by the law, and condemned for disobedience to its commands. Wesley's Notes 2:12 For as many as have sinned - He speaks as of the time past, for all time will be past at the day of judgment. Without the law - Without having any written law. Shall also perish without the law - Without regard had to any outward law; being condemned by the law written in their hearts. The word also shows the agreement of the manner of sinning, with the manner of suffering. Perish - He could not so properly say, Shall be judged without the law. Scofield Reference Notes Margin sinned Sin. See Scofield Note: "Rom 3:23". Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary 12. For as many as have sinned-not "as many as have sinned at all," but, "as many as are found in sin" at the judgment of the great day (as the whole context shows). without law-that is, without the advantage of a positive Revelation. shall also perish without law-exempt from the charge of rejecting or disregarding it. and as many as have sinned in the law-within the pale of a positive, written Revelation. shall be judged by the law-tried and condemned by the higher standard of that written Revelation. Matthew Henry's Concise Commentary 2:1-16 The Jews thought themselves a holy people, entitled to their privileges by right, while they were unthankful, rebellious, and unrighteous. But all who act thus, of every nation, age, and description, must be reminded that the judgment of God will be according to their real character. The case is so plain, that we may appeal to the sinner's own thoughts. In every wilful sin, there is contempt of the goodness of God. And though the branches of man's disobedience are very various, all spring from the same root. But in true repentance, there must be hatred of former sinfulness, from a change wrought in the state of the mind, which disposes it to choose the good and to refuse the evil. It shows also a sense of inward wretchedness. Such is the great change wrought in repentance, it is conversion, and is needed by every human being. The ruin of sinners is their walking after a hard and impenitent heart. Their sinful doings are expressed by the strong words, treasuring up wrath. In the description of the just man, notice the full demand of the law. It demands that the motives shall be pure, and rejects all actions from earthly ambition or ends. In the description of the unrighteous, contention is held forth as the principle of all evil. The human will is in a state of enmity against God. Even Gentiles, who had not the written law, had that within, which directed them what to do by the light of nature. Conscience is a witness, and first or last will bear witness. As they nature. Conscience is a witness, and first or last will bear witness. As they kept or broke these natural laws and dictates, their consciences either acquitted or condemned them. Nothing speaks more terror to sinners, and more comfort to saints, than that Christ shall be the Judge. Secret services shall be rewarded, secret sins shall be then punished, and brought to light. | 
